How to Write Citations and Bibliographies in Chicago Style 16th Edition
(See also, our separate Turabian Style Guide)
Overview | Notes-Bibliography Style | Author-Date References Style
Overview
Within Chicago style, there are 2 different citation style options. You may use the notes-bibliography style, or the author-date references style.
If you are not sure which of these two styles to use for your paper, please consult your instructor.
Notes-Bibliography Style
In the notes-bibliography style, when information is quoted or referred to in a paper, footnotes or endnotes (or both) are given to identify the sources of the quotation or information. Footnotes are placed at the foot of the page; endnotes are placed at the end of your paper with the heading "NOTES".
Example:
According to O'Flaherty, "the spread of electric lights through rural Newfoundland was destined to be slow and uneven."1
1. Patrick O'Flaherty, Lost Country: The Rise and Fall of Newfoundland, 1843-1933 (St. John's, NL: Long Beach Press, 2005), 218.
Usually, a bibliography is also included at the end of the paper. The bibliography is the full list of works used to write the paper; it may include works that you consulted but did not cite.
Notes-bibliography style guide
Author-Date References Style
In the author-date references style, when information is quoted or referred to in a paper, a citation within parenthesis is inserted in the text of the paper next to the reference. The parenthetical citation should include author, date, and page number.
Example: "The spread of electric lights through rural Newfoundland was destined to be slow and uneven" (O'Flaherty 2005, 218).
At the end of the paper, include all of the works you cited in a reference list; the reference list may also include works that you consulted but did not cite.
For more information, please consult:
The Chicago Manual of Style. 16th ed. Chicago: The University of Chicage Press, 2010.
(Available at the Library in the Reference section. Call number: Z 253 U69 2010)
March 22, 2012
Crystal Rose
