How to Write Reference Lists in Turabian Style | PDF

Citations | Reference List | Useful Guides

Citations Within Your Paper

In the reference list style, when information is quoted or referred to in a paper, a citation in parenthesis (including author's last name, date, and page number) is given to identify the source of the quotation or information, along with a corresponding reference list.

For example:
According to one scholar, "The railroads had made Chicago the most important meeting place between East and West" (Cronon 1991, 92-93).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Reference List

Books | Articles | Websites | Other

The reference list is the full list of works used to write the paper. It is at the end of your paper, is arranged alphabetically, and the first line of each reference is not indented. Typically, the reference list is single spaced with one line between entries, but some Professors may prefer double-spacing.

Capitalization: In the reference list, do not capitalize the first letter of every word in the titles of books, chapters, articles, or websites (with the exception of the first word of the title and subtitle, and proper nouns). Only capitalize the first letter of all words in a periodical title (i.e. journals, magazines, and newspapers) or government documents.

Books

Book, 1 author

Fuller, Linda K. 1994. Chocolate fads, folklore & fantasies: 1,000+ chunks of chocolate information.
New York: Haworth Press.

Book, multiple authors
Include all authors, no matter how many; do not use "et al."

Reiter, Dan, and Allan C. Stam. 2002. Democracies at war. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press.

E-Book
Include the URL and date of access.

Mann, Thomas. 2005. The Oxford guide to library research. 3rd ed. New York:
Oxford University Press. http://qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/login?url=http://www.myilibrary.com
?id=65559 (accessed December 19, 2008).

Edited Book (editor instead of an author)

Robinson, Francis, ed. 1996. Cambridge illustrated history of the Islamic world. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

Edited Book (editor in addition to an author)
When editors' names follow the title, only use "Ed." (not "Eds.") as it refers to "edited by".

Bonnefoy, Yves. 1996. New and selected poems. Ed. John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Article or Chapter in a Book

Vietmeyer, Noel. 1992. Forgotten roots of the Incas. In Chilies to chocolate: Food the Americas
gave the world, ed. Nelson Foster and Linda S. Cordell, 95-117. Tucson: University
of Arizona Press.

Translated Book

Harley, J. B. 2007. The new nature of maps: Essays in the history of cartography. Trans.
Paul Laxton. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Edition of a Book (other than the first):

Daniels, Roger. 2002. Coming to America: A history of immigration and ethnicity in American life.
2nd ed. New York: Haper Perenial.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Articles

Journal article, 1 author

Prosen, Mary Rose. 1977. Christ in marzipan and the Virgin in chocolate: the novels of Michael
DeCapite. Italian Americana 3:186-91.

Journal article, multiple authors
Include all authors, no matter how many; do not use "et al."

Thomas, William G. and Edward L. Ayers. 2003. An overview: The differences slavery made;
A close analysis of two American communities. American Historical Review 108
(December): 1299-307.

Journal article (online)
Include the URL and date of access.

Small, Christopher. 2004. Why doesn't the whole world love chamber music? American Music 19, no. 3
(Autumn): 340-59. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0734-4392%28200123%2919%3A3
%3C340%3AWDTWWL%3E2.0.co%3B2-J (accessed March 15, 2004).

Magazine Article (Print)
Include the page number(s) in your in-text citation, but omit them from the reference list entry.

Smith, Jane. 1996. There is no resisting the Borg queen. Maclean's, December 2.

Newspaper Article (Print)
Omit page numbers.

Kamin, Blair. 2005. Wrigley Building clearly a landmark. Chicago Tribune. July 1.

Magazine/Newspaper Article, no author

New Yorker. 2000. Talk of the town. April 10.

Magazine/Newspaper Article (online)
Include the URL and date of access. If there are no page numbers, identify the location in your in-text citation by adding a description (like a heading or paragraph number) after the word "under".

Hoekstra, Dave. 2005. Restoring a legacy. Chicago Sun-Times. December 19.
http://www.suntimes.com/output/hurricane/cst-ftr-nola 19.html
(accessed December 21, 2005).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Web Sites

Include as much of the following information as you can: author, title of the page/site, title/owner of the web site, URL, date accessed (month day, year).

Web page, with author

Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. Evanston Public Library strategic plan, 2000-2010: A decade
of outreach. Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan-00.html
(accessed June 1, 2005).

Web page, no author

I love lucy: Series summary. Sitcoms online. http://www.sitcomsonline.com/ilovelucy.html
(accessed May 4, 2005).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Other

Book review

Orr, H. Allen. 2003. Review of Nature via nurture: genes, experience, and what makes us human,
by Matt Ridley. New York Review of Books 50 (August 14): 38-40.

Class lecture, speech, or academic talk

Bodner, John. 2008. Lecture on folksong. Course on folklore and popular culture, Grenfell Campus,
Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, February 15.

Class Notes on Course Website (D2L or My Grenfell)
Include the URL and date of access.

Bodner, John. 2008. Folksong. Course notes for folklore and popular culture, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University
of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, February 15. http://online.mun.ca/folk1000%20jbodner/
Feb%2015%202008.pdf (accessed March 2, 2008).

Dictionary/Encyclopedia
In Turabian Style, commonly used or well-known dictionaries and encyclopedias do not need to be included in the reference list; cite them in parenthesis within your paper only.

Government Document (Print)

Statistics Canada. 2007. A National Overview: Population and Dwelling Counts, 2006 Census
Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

Government Document (Online)

Environment Canada. 2011. Canada's Emission Trends. http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/E197D5E7-1AE3-4A06-B4FC-CB74EAAAA60F
/CanadasEmissionsTrends.pdf (accessed September 14, 2011).

Personal Communication (interview)

MacMillan, Andrew. 2007. Interview by John Smith. November 20.

Personal Communication (conversation, letter, or email)
Cite conversations, letters, or emails in parenthesis within your paper only. Do not include them in your reference list.

Thesis/Dissertation

Childs, Nicole. 2002. The impact of Hurricane Floyd on the children of eastern North Carolina.
Master's thesis, Eastern Carolina University.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Useful Guides

Didn't find the example you needed? Check out the full Turabian guide for more specific information or for citing other types of sources.

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 7th rev. ed. Edited by Wayne C. Booth,
Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph H. Williams. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
(Available at the Library. Call number: LB 2369 T8 2007)

February 10, 2012
Crystal Rose