Websites, Social Media & Blogs
Websites
Include as much of the following information as you can. The word website or web page may be added in parenthesis after the Title or Owner/Sponsor of the site if the source is unclear.
Author. Year of publication. “Title"
or Description of web page.
Title or Owner/Sponsor of
Website, Month day, year. URL.
Higgins, Jenny. 2008. “Women’s Suffrage.”
Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage.
http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/suffrage.
html.
A date of last revision or modification should only be included if no other date is provided:
Janzen, Olaf U. 2014. “Beothuk and Mi’kmaq.”
Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of
Newfoundland (website). Last modified
January 13. http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/
nfld_history/history/nfld_history_
beothuk.htm.
No author?
If there is no person or organization obviously identified as the author, start with the title of the web page or document instead.
“Newfoundland Government Rejects
Environmental Impact Statement for Nickel
Plant.” 2008. Mining Watch Canada,
November 28, 2008. http://www.
miningwatch.ca/fr/newfoundland-
government-rejects-environmental-
impact-statement-nickel-plant-0.
No date?
If there is no date available, include the date that you accessed the web page. In your in-text citation, use "n.d."
Kaufield, Kathy, and Alain Bosse. “Atlantic
Lobster Food Service Guide.” Lobster
Council of Canada (website). Accessed
March 11, 2020.
https://lobstercouncilcanada.ca/
wp-content/uploads/2017/03/
Atlantic_Lobster_Guide_P12_
compressed.pdf.
Social Media Posts
Retain a copy of the social media content cited, in case your cited post gets deleted. Social media posts can often be limited to the text:
Local news organization VOCM's Question of the Day on Twitter was "With provincial vaccination rates nearing 80 percent, are you comfortable and ready to head back into the workplace?" (@VOCMNEWS, September 14, 2021).
If it is necessary to include in the reference list, include the following information. If only a screen name is known, use the screen name in place of an author's name.
Author's Real Name (@Username). Year. "Up
to the first 160 characters of the post,
including spaces." Site Name and
description if it is a photo or video,
Month day, year of post. URL.
Archives and Special Collections, Queen
Elizabeth II Library, MUN
(@MUNarchivesandspecialcollections).
2020. "JR Smallwood, Clara (Oates)
Smallwood and their baby. Probably
Ramsey. From the JR Smallwood
backlog." Facebook photo, September
13, 2020. https://www.facebook.com/
MUNarchivesandspecialcollections/
photos/a.985705874831536/
3366479666754133/.
YouTube Video
Social Media citations can often be limited to the text:
BBC Ideas’ YouTube video, “The Quiet Power of Introverts” (2020) explains how dopamine and acetylcholine affect the brain differently.
Blog Posts
Blog posts are cited like online newspaper articles, and are rarely included in the reference list. Refer to them in your in-text citation only. Indicate the author, “Post Title”, Blog Title, and date. The URL can be included in parenthesis.
In her Love of History blog, Dr. Katsari made an interesting February 9, 2015 post on “Ancient Artifacts from the Erotic Museum in Paris” (http://loveofhistory.com/ancient-artifacts-from-the-erotic-museum-in-paris/).